Cold War Changes Between 1949 and 1950

Cold War Changes Between 1949 and 1950 Free Online Research Papers The cold war is the period which was marked by the tension and rivalry between the communist block and the capitalist block. The communist block included the superpower Soviet Union and its allies while the capitalist block included the United States of America and its allies. The rivalry between the two blocks involved situations such as proxy wars, in sports, ideology, military coalitions, industrial development, massive spending in defense, nuclear arms rivalry and technological development. The cold war began in the mid 1940s and ended in early 1990s after the collapse of Soviet Union. Cold war character change in 1949 and 1950 During the cold war, the USA and the soviet were allies against the Nazi Germany regime. There was opposing plans relating to the economic and political future after the Second World War. Also the dispute came as a result of the development and controlling of the nuclear weapon. Powaski, Ronald E (1998) This period was marked with the start of atomic age. The atomic bomb became a factor that was decisive and led to the strain of the relationship between USA and the Soviet Union. In 1949 the Soviet Union tested its own atomic bomb whose resemblance was almost to that of America plutonium weapon. The USA tested its hydrogen bomb at the same period and it was by far more powerful than the atomic bomb. Also the superpowers increased their military capacity to defend themselves against each other. At this period there was the development of McCarthyism which came about as a result of great anti communism suspicion. There was a rise of fear of the communism infiltration and influence on American institutions and spying by the soviet agents. Many Americans accused of colluding with the communists were made to face thorough investigation and some ended in jail. Powaski, Ronald E (1998) The Soviet Union established the Eastern Europe governments that were supportive of its policies. The increase of the communism influence in countries like Poland and Hungary led to the USA coming with policies to contain this influence. The USA tried to use financial aid to these states and in certain incidences it tried to advocate for regime change in these countries. The cold war politics dominated the USA foreign policy .The increased concern that communism may infiltrate into Greece and Turkey led to Truman doctrine. Its aim was to prevent these countries becoming communists and it was through offering of economic and military aid. There was also increased economic aid package to Western Europe whose aim was for reconstruction. John Lewis Gaddis (1997) During this period, Mao Zedong‘s communist army took the control of the mainland china despite the fact that there was large financial support was offered to opposing Kuomintang by the united states. This occurred in 1949.In 1950 the Korean War began whereby the USA, UN and South Korea took arms against communist from North Korea and china. John Lewis Gaddis (1997) Key action by the Soviet Union and China during the Cold War The Soviet Union and china were communist countries while the USA was a capitalist state. Both groups of the countries had their ideology which they wanted to use to influence in the global perspective. John Lewis Gaddis (1997) The developing of the atomic weapons played a centre role in the cold war .In 1949; the Soviet Union developed their successful atomic bomb after testing it. This increased the Soviet Union tension with the USA.The USA developed the hydrogen bomb which was more superior to the atomic bomb. Walter Lafeber (2002) The Soviet Union and china endeared themselves as the crusader of the working class and the peasants while stating that the unite states of America were imperialists. This ideology was well taken in some countries. This in effect led to the increase of financial aid by theUSA to the poor countries so as to regain their confidence. Walter Lafeber (2002) The influence of communism was taking root in the Eastern Europe countries. The possibility of the communists taking over Greece and Turkey was high. To prevent communism infiltrating into these countries, the USA adopted the Truman doctrine which led to increased economic and military aid .Also the United States offered financial aid to the Western Europe states. Walter Lafeber (2002) In the Korean War, china and the Soviet Union supported communist North Korea in war against South Korea. In this case the USA responded by supporting the capitalistic south Korea militarily. Also the intention by the Soviet Union to take over Berlin was met with increased of the USA combat military in Western Europe in readiness for war. USA armed its Western Europe allies with nuclear weapon Barker A.J (1974) Effect of Korea war on USA domestic politics and diplomacy One of the USA foreign policy is in the deployment of its military forces to other countries .The aim is to enhance its defense and to protect its interest in other countries and that of its allies. After the Korea war, the USA has maintained the presence of troops in South Korea to protect it against possible attack from North Korea. There has been a flurry of diplomatic activities between USA, South Korea, North Korea and china to solve this crisis. Currently there are a lot of diplomatic activities to persuade North Korea to stop developing nuclear weapon and this has been a global concern. Barker A.J (1974) The chaotic Korea war affected the USA domestic politics. During the war, there were much causality and there was no replacement for the soldiers. It led to integration of the black soldiers into the mainstream forces. The black soldiers fought hard and bravely and as a result democrat president Trauman came with a policy that was against discrimination. This programme was politically motivated and was to ensure the democrats get all the black votes especially in the southern states.Trauman won another term in office and this was as a result of the Korean War. Barker A.J (1974) Reference . Barker A.J (1974): Fortune favors the brave: The Battle of the hook, Korea 1953.London: Leocooper Walter Lafeber (2002): America, Russia and the cold war, 1945-1992: Macmillan John Lewis Gaddis (1997): We now know. Rethinking the cold war: Oxford university press. Powaski, Ronald E (1998): The cold war, the United States and Soviet Union, 1917-1991: Macmillan Research Papers on Cold War Changes Between 1949 and 1950Appeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Is it Possible for a Teacher to be Accountable without Being Essay

Is it Possible for a Teacher to be Accountable without Being Responsible - Essay Example This very link has been described and elaborated in respect to the ability of the teacher to balance the both, in this report. TEACHER’S RESPONSIBILITY The responsibility associated with an instructor is more than any other profession, as every profession demand education set of skills, which are only achieved once the person has undergone studies from a capable teacher, responsible enough to know his role in this world. Furthermore, Hartley (2002, 255) points out that a cheap, one-size-fits-all 'standard' in teacher education may turn out to be ineffective with regard to the promotion of human resources and the competitiveness of the economy in general. The knowledge treasure requires creativity, team-work and self-execution; the teacher being handed complete freedom to built a set of self-assessments and parameters of responsibility. These are the salient features of the modern education policy model which are highly unlikely to be promoted. Furthermore, along with the deman d for educators to conceive added responsibility, this feat is not as easy as it sounds. Therefore, attributing responsibility to a teacher is not a fact that can be gauges like temperature or any other quantitative material (Young 1998, 62). TEACHER’S ACCOUNTABILITY EFFECTS Does accountability affect building or correcting the mechanisms of an education system? This question remains a core debate in the education circles. A different perspective looked into the effects brought upon by the accountability of an educator. The effects study shed light upon the accountability systems, so to create better policy mechanisms, which in turn create a better system and professional excellence (Darling-Hammond &Sykes, 1999) and/or a system that has a reward/punishment setup for the teachers (Odden, 2002). In the modern era, research has shifted its focus from school politics to the performance analysis of the educators and the system in which they thrive. A new angle on accountability e merged as the policy makers shifted their attention on to the special role of teachers as it was before the fancy technology teaching methods took over (Fuhrman, 1999). This new form of observation by the policy makers is an effort towards enhancing the accountability of the educators, while they try to work on the areas of vigilance, observation, performance and open test results, making the system transparent. Critics of this current system; lobby hard for the old system their prime argument being the non-influential relationship between the performance of the teacher and performance of the students and their test-scores. The hard-line example for this fact is the statistics of increased dropout rate since the application of the test-driven policies, specially affecting those students who stood on the borderline of passing and failing (Whitford & Jones, 2000). This in turn has smashed the teacher’s morale in general (McNeil, 2000) and made it a difficult environment for the m as their performance is judged majorly through the stats of students, which more often than not is not the true picture. ACCOUNTABILITY VERSUS RESPONSIBILITY Accountability devices show the importance of decentralizing responsibility of a teacher. National educational authorities have decentralized the responsibility for teaching quality to the school running agencies, which more often than not creates a local accountability system, hence placing more responsibility on the teacher’

How to build a successful team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to build a successful team - Essay Example The team leader is usually elected from the members of the team through voting. There are a number of desirable qualities that a team leader should possess in order to guide the team and keep the people in it together. There are different leadership styles that a leader may adopt in order to be effective at his job, such as visionary leadership, participatory leadership, charismatic leadership, authoritative leadership and others. A leader must be able to visualize the end goal of the team and formulate strategies to bring the team closer to the goal. Also, the leader must know how to listen actively and communicate assertively to influence the members of the team. 2. The Size of the Team The number of people within the team is very important so if the team is to functional and efficient, it needs to be at the right size. Too small teams may be too lean to be effective while too big teams may be difficult to manage. As a general rule, teams must have 8-10 members to be effective. If the group is too big, the members may be divided into smaller sub-groups. 3. Variety of Skills Among Members of the Group The skills of the members of the team are important and it is desirable that these skills be varied. No, it is not a good idea to choose team members that are of the same skills levels and the same frame of mind. Although homogenous types of groups have their own advantages, they also have their own disadvantages and more often than not, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. Note that members have to play different roles within the team so if these members have varied skills, they can be assigned to certain tasks that are within their areas of expertise. Also, if the members of the group are of the same skills level and way of thinking, these people may tend to compete with each other instead of complement each other. For a team to stay strong, the people inside the team must complement each other and work together in a harmonious manner. Yes, there may be s ome degree of competition is a heterogeneous team but the competition may not be as fierce as it is in a homogenous team. 4. The Personalities of the Members of the Team The degree of maturity and the overall personalities of the people within the team contribute much to the strength and quality of the team. Choosing the personalities of the people in the team depend on the tasks that need to be done. For instance, if the task requires more mature judgment, it would be best to go for older and more mature team members. On the other hand, if the tasks to be performed require the agility and energy of young people, it would be best to select younger members for the team. However, if the team is to perform varied tasks, having both mature and young team members would be more appropriate. 5. Team Bonding Team bonding is very important to create rapport among the members. Creating a friendly and collegial atmosphere in the team will help facilitate the sharing of ideas and smoothen out t he working relationship between team members. Team bonding activities may include participation in training courses, strategic planning and social activities where the members of the team can interact freely with each other. A good time to promote team bonding is during celebrations of achievements and celebration of certain occasions such as birthdays and the likes. 6. internal conflict resolution mechanism Since teams are composed of individuals with different personalities,

Types Of Operating Systems Computer Science Essay

Types Of Operating Systems Computer Science Essay An operating system, or OS, is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer would be useless. In computing. operating system (OS) linked between hardware and user, which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer, that acts as a host for computing applications run on the machine. One of the purposes of an operating system is to handle the resource allocation and access protection of the hardware. This relieves the application programmers from having to manage these details. Explanation At the simplest level, an operating system does two things: It manages the hardware and software resources of the system. In a desktop computer, these resources include such things as the processor, memory, disk space and more (On a cell phone, they include the keypad, the screen, the address book, the phone dialer, the battery and the network connection). It provides a stable, consistent way for applications to deal with the hardware without having to know all the details of the hardware. Operating systems offers many services to application programs and usersApplications access these services through application programming interfaces (APIs) or system calls. By invoking these interfaces, the application can request a service from the operating system, pass parameters, and receive the results of the operation. Users may also interact with the operating system with some kind of software user interface like typing commands by using command line interface (CLI) or using a graphical user interface. For hand-held and desktop computers, the user interface is generally considered part of the operating system. On large multi-user systems such as Unix-like systems, the user interface is generally implemented as an application program that runs outside the operating system. Types of Operating Systems As computers have progressed and developed so have the types of operating systems. Below is a basic list of the different types of operating systems. Within the broad family of operating systems, there are generally four types, categorized based on the types of computers they control and the sort of applications they support. The categories are: 1.Real-time operating system (RTOS) Real-time operating systems are used to control machinery, scientific instruments and industrial systems. An RTOS typically has very little user-interface capability, and no end-user utilities, since the system will be a sealed box when delivered for use. A very important part of an RTOS is managing the resources of the computer so that a particular operation executes in precisely the same amount of time, every time it occurs. In a complex machine, having a part move more quickly just because system resources are available may be just as catastrophic as having it not move at all because the system is busy. 2. Single-user, single task As the name implies, this operating system is designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time. The Palm OS for Palm handheld computers is a good example of a modern single-user, single-task operating system. 3. Single-user, multi-tasking This is the type of operating system most people use on their desktop and laptop computers today. Microsofts Windows and Apples MacOS platforms are both examples of operating systems that will let a single user have several programs in operation at the same time. For example, its entirely possible for a Windows user to be writing a note in a word processor while downloading a file from the Internet while printing the text of an e-mail message. 4. Multi-user A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage of the computers resources simultaneously. The operating system must make sure that the requirements of the various users are balanced, and that each of the programs they are using has sufficient and separate resources so that a problem with one user doesnt affect the entire community of users. Unix, VMS and mainframe operating systems, such as MVS, are examples of multi-user operating systems. Examples of most popular operating systems : Windows XP is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, and media centers. It was released in 2001. The name XP is short for eXPerience.[3] Windows XP is the successor to both Windows 2000 Professional and Windows Me, and is the first consumer-oriented operating system produced by Microsoft to be built on the Windows NT kernel and architecture. Windows XP was first released on October 25, 2001, and over 400 million copies were in use in January 2006, according to an estimate in that month by an IDC analyst.[4] It was succeeded by Windows Vista, which was released to volume license customers on November 8, 2006, and worldwide to the general public on January 30, 2007. Direct OEM and retail sales of Windows XP ceased on June 30, 2008. Microsoft continued to sell XP through their System Builders (smaller OEMs who sell assembled computers) program until January 31, 2009.[5][6] XP may continue to be available as these sources run through their inventory or by purchasing Windows Vista Ultimate or Business and then downgrading to Windows XP. MS-DOS MS-DOS is an operating system for x86 based personal computers, which was purchased by Microsoft. It was the most commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems, and was the main operating system for personal computers during the 1980s[citation needed] and 1990s. It was preceded by M-DOS (also called MIDAS), designed and copyrighted by Microsoft in 1979. MSDOS was written for the Intel 8086 family of microprocessors, particularly the IBM PC and compatibles. It was gradually replaced on consumer desktop computers by operating systems offering a graphical user interface (GUI), in particular by various generations of the Microsoft Windows operating system. MS-DOS developed out of QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System), also known as 86-DOS . Several versions were released under different names for different hardware.[3] MS-DOS had eight major versions released before Microsoft stopped development in 2000. Unix UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has been under constant development ever since. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops. UNIX systems also have a graphical user interface (GUI) similar to Microsoft Windows which provides an easy to use environment. However, knowledge of UNIX is required for operations which arent covered by a graphical program. The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts; the kernel, the shell and the programs. The kernel of UNIX is the hub of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to system calls. The shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system http://www.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm/printable

Noncontradiction as a Scientific Modus Operandi :: Science Logic Papers

Noncontradiction as a Scientific Modus Operandi We explicate the view that our ignorance of the nature of the real world R, more so than a lack of ingenuity or sufficient time to have deduced the truth from what is so far known, accounts for the inadequacies of our theories of truth and systems of logic. Because of these inadecuacies, advocacy of substantial correctness of such theories and systems is certainly not right and should be replaced with a perspective of Explorationism which is the broadest possible investigation of potential theories and systems along with the realization that all such theories and systems are partial and tentative. For example, the position of classical logic is clearly untenable from the perspective of explorationism. Due to ignorance regarding R and, consequently, the partial and evidential nature of our knowledge about R, an explorationist foundational logical framework should contain machinery which goes beyond that of classical logic in the direction of allowing for the handling of confirmatory a nd refutatory evidential knowledge. Such a foundational framework (which I call Evidence Logic) is described and analysed in terms of its ability to tolerate substantial evidential conflict while not allowing contraditions. 0. Overview The variegated landscape of theories of truth and systems of logic, wherein each is cogently argued while yet inconclusive, is substantially accounted for by the fact that we just don’t know enough yet about the nature of our universe, let us call it R, to be able to settle on one or the other of these theories and systems as adequate for the representation and processing of our knowledge about R. In this paper firstly we discuss this thesis, that it is primarily our ignorance of R, and not any failure to rigorously construct our theories and systems, that is a fundamental cause of the inadequacies of these theories and systems. Secondly we will delineate a scientific perspective, Explorationism, which, if the thesis first considered is correct, is deserving of advocacy. Finally, we exemplify this perspective by exhibiting a logic, Evidence Logic (EL), which incorporates a broadened concept of negation which (1) provides for the representation and processing of both confirmato ry and refutatory evidential knowledge including the possibility of a generous range of conflicting evidence while yet (2) enforces noncontradiction. 1. The inadequacy of our theories of truth and systems of logic Any survey of the gamut of theories of truth so far constructed makes clear that, while each may be presented cogently, each manages to tell only part of the story.

World’s Reliance on Computers

Computers are used in many different ways; they are used in all sorts of different fields of work and are very important to many different people. Practically anything that you use is made by computers. Today’s modern vehicles and airplanes were are designed on a computer. Our country’s traffic signals are run by a network of computers. In a hospital, most lifesaving machines are run by computers. Space exploration would not have been possible without the help of computers. Most employers today require the use of computers. Most people in this 21st century would be lost if they didn’t have the computer.In the early 1800’s with no computers, the medical field had no cures for life threatening diseases. But now in the 21st century most of the cures we have discovered were created with the aid of computers. Computers our found everywhere, in places such as pharmacies. Where without them they would have a hard time keeping inventory, and managing which medicin e goes to which patient. The votes for elections are counted, it may have been done by hand one day, but that makes them inaccurate and easily tampered with. But with the growing population and security risks it would be unmanageable without computers.As said previously space exploration would not be possible at all without the guidance of computer systems. You got to admit life would truly suck without computers. Many people do not agree at all and argue that we don’t need computers at all to live on. Well they could be right, but they sure do not know what would happen to the economy and the quality of life without them. At one point in time there were computers that were nowhere near as intricate like the ones we have learned to love today. Older computers were not as small as the ones we are used to having on our laps today.In fact the first computer ENIAC (electronic numerical integrator and computer), weighed 30 short tons, was roughly 8 feet by 3 feet by 100 feet, took up 1800 square feet (size of a modern apartment), and consumed 150 kW of power. Now compare that to your Apple MacBook Air. ***Computers changed the world a lot. It helped man step forward into the future. Thanks to computers, space exploration came true, new designs of vehicles and other transportation were made, entertainment became more entertaining, medical science made more cures for diseases, etc. . . The computers impacted our lives in many ways. You may not notice it but they did make life a lot easier. Without computers, the world would be a harder place to live in. Thanks to the computers, everyday life is easier for us. Some people may disagree but most wouldn't. Some people say that computers are taking away man power. That may be true but computers did make the impossible possible. *** In this modern age, most businesses today depend on computers and its comparable equipment. Computers have been the key tool to build a successful business.Business computer users have m any different uses for the computers, such as keeping a database on inventory, or managing client accounts, keeping track of money, and so much more. Laptops are another type of computer which is portable, and can be used anywhere. Many business user like laptops because the allow them to do work while on an airplane, or a train. Business users tend to use applications like Microsoft Office Suite where they can make slideshows with pie-charts and graphs to present information to other people in meetings. Any of the new movies you watch are made with special effects.These special effects are made on the computer; in fact most of the graphics you see have all been enhanced on a computer as well. To the left is a picture from the movie â€Å"Avatar. † Avatar was created by specially made suits attached to computers which then turned movement into animation, and then used high tech texturing and graphics to create these creatures. This wasn't the only movie made with computers. M ovies like Lord of the Rings, Titanic, Fight Club, Star Wars, and many more used computers to make them seem more stimulating and accurate.There are movies that have been entirely made on computers such as Finding Nemo and Despicable Me. Now computers are not only used in motion picture graphics they are even used to create the video games we all love to play. In facts the game console you play your video games on are considered mini computers such as PlayStation, Xbox, and Wii. Without computers you would never experience what it feels like to play Halo! Schools all over the country are starting to need more money to invest in their computer systems.Computers are starting to play a huge role in the education field. They help students create magnificent essays such as this one. Make PowerPoint presentations for their school projects. They can easily find the information they need on the thousands of different databases there are on the internet. Most high schools and colleges are re quiring that you type all of your essays and reports. Teachers also benefit from the use of computers as well. They can use the computer to do attendance, manage grades, and communicate with student outside of class time.Medical technology is the most important use of computers. Computers have helped save countless numbers of lives in the hospitals. All of the hospitals newer equipment is all running on a computer. Right now majority of the computers in the hospital help the hospital keep track of patient data, and they make sure the patient doesn’t have a balance! Scientists use computers to find cures for diseases that need cures like cancer and Alzheimer’s. Some of the cures we have found today would not have been possible without computers.It is astonishing how computers have changed the way we live. Something simple such as purchasing fare for the metro lines needs a computer. Tokens are no longer used today. As a replacement for tokens we now use metro cards. The metro cards store data that made by a computer. Also, online shopping has been very effective in previous few years. For the people who don’t have the time to shop in a store this them to just shop online. It also provides ease around the holiday season when the stores are mobbed. The internet has opened so many doors for the world.Computers are not only a luxury anymore they are now a necessity for businesses, homes, and schools. They have become learning devices, great information organizers for businesses. They have made communication instant. Without computers, we as a nation would not be move forward as fast as we are! If all of the computers in the world were to stop working, we would all be in big trouble. If you think that our society is prepared for a world with no computers, well, Godspeed. The fact is our world would be at a halt and mass chaos would arise. A world without computers, well, it’s unimaginable!

The Most Common Psychological Disorder - 1066 Words

The Most Common Psychological Disorder; Schizophrenia Dakota Landers University of West Georgia Technical College July 3, 2016 Abstract Schizophrenia is a common disorder that effects many people. There are many types of symptoms that cause strange behavior and inability to function in certain situations. Although it is a very commonly diagnosed disorder there is no factual evidence of what causes people to be effected by it. There are people that do genetic testing to look for a certain piece of DNA that they think may be linked to schizophrenia (this hasn’t been proved that they are linked). There are many types of treatments, therapies, and medications that patients can choose from to treat their disorder.†¦show more content†¦Cognition is what keeps us aware of our surroundings, contributes to making good judgements, effects our memory, intelligence, judgement, executive functions, social abilities, and many major functions. Impairments in cognitive abilities make tasks difficult and can lead to disability. 4/5 schizophrenics show cognitive deficits. Most patients take longer to encode information given to them but they do very well with information that they are repeatedly exposed to. Working memory is the most effected cognitive deficit. Working memory is what is the most important factor in encoding information; This is tied directly to verbal encoding as well. Many patients that are effected by executive function deficits have issues with solving skills, handling change, recognition, being able to recognize faces and emotions. (This is social cognition being impaired.) These dysfunctions can cause many issues in socio-occupational life. (Kar, 2016) Positive, negative, and emotional symptoms are all things that many schizophrenics face on a daily basis. Some of the positive symptoms that they experience include – Hallucinations, movement disorders, delusions, and thought disorders. Some of the negative symptoms are – algoia (reduced speech output), asociality (lacking interest in social activities), anhedonia (lessened pleasure from activities), avolition (d iminished motivation in activities that are self-induced). These are all things that make everyday life incredibly hard to manage.